General Situation of the Radiological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident in Ukraine
نویسنده
چکیده
Introduction April 26, 1986, will go into history as the date when the 4th reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station exploded causing radioactive contamination of a wide area practically in all Europe. The initial explosions and heat carried volatile radioactive materials up to 1.5 km height from where these materials were transported over large territories. Plumes containing numerous quantities of radionuclides moved with prevailing winds to the north, east, south and west, precipitating radioactive particles on areas thousands of miles away. Regions affected with the radionuclides from the Chernobyl's wrecked reactor included not only Ukraine itself but also Belarus, Russia, Poland, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Lithuania, Greece, Bulgaria, Slovakia and many others. The volatile radioiodine, other radionuclides and small hot particles were detected in these countries on the very first days after the Accident. Crops, vegetables, grasses, fruits, milk, dairy products, meat and even eggs were sometimes so contaminated with radionuclides that they had to be abandoned. The total amount of radioactivity released exceeded significantly 50 Mega Curies. On the roof of the destroyed reactor building, dose rate in May-June 1986 reached a very high level of 100,000 Roentgens per hour (1). The main dose load on the Ukrainian population is caused by radionuclide contamination of the country territories located outside the alienated zone following the Chernobyl accident. The territories contaminated with radionuclide 137Cs in Ukraine are as follows (2,3):
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